If you don’t want to use the predefined grid classes in Bootstrap, you can use our grid’s source Sass to create your own with more semantic markup. Sass variables, maps, and mixins power the grid. g-* classes.g-0 is also available to remove gutters. Gutter classes are available across all breakpoints, with all the same sizes as our margin and padding spacing. Gutters are also responsive and customizable. widths are set in percentages so you always have the same relative sizing. Column classes indicate the number of template columns to span (e.g., col-4 spans four). There are 12 template columns available per row, allowing you to create different combinations of elements that span any number of columns. Rows also support modifier classes to uniformly apply column sizing and gutter classes to change the spacing of your content.Ĭolumns are incredibly flexible. This padding is then counteracted on the rows with negative margins to ensure the content in your columns is visually aligned down the left side. Each column has horizontal padding (called a gutter) for controlling the space between them. container-md) for a combination of fluid and pixel widths. container-fluid for width: 100% across all viewports and devices, or a responsive container (e.g. This means you can control container and column sizing and behavior by each breakpoint.Ĭontainers center and horizontally pad your content. col-sm-4 applies to sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl). Breakpoints are based on min-width media queries, meaning they affect that breakpoint and all those above it (e.g. Our grid supports six responsive breakpoints. How it worksīreaking it down, here’s how the grid system comes together: Those columns are centered in the page with the parent. Justify-content for horizontal or vertical alignment (centering, bottom, right, etc.).The above example creates three equal-width columns across all devices and viewports using our predefined grid classes. Use auto-margins or Flexbox align-items and Rows are display:flex, and therefore Columns are equal height in the same row. Therefore, you only need to use the class for the smallest width you want to support. The smaller grid classes also apply to larger screens unless overridden specifically for larger screen width. Use a specific col-* to prevent that vertical stacking. Specific col-* class in your HTML markup. Key points on Responsive Design using the Grid:Ĭolumns will stack vertically (and become full-width) at the smaller screen widths unless you use a The sidebar will stack on top at the sm breakpoint of 576px: The right column will automatically grow to fill the width. Here’s an example of combining the classic defined-width columns, Remember, you can switch out sm for whatever breakpoint (md,lg,xl) is needed.Ģ columns, left sidebar & right. In this example, the `cols` remain horizontal until the sm breakpoint of 576px, and then stack vertically: The `cols` remain horizontal at all widths, and don’t stack vertically because the xs breakpoint is the default:ģ equal-width columns (responsive). Take a look at a few auto-layout Grid examples…ģ equal-width columns. But, don’t forget, the 12-unit columns can be mixed-in as needed. The auto-layout columns are perfect for any layout scenarios where equal-width columns are required. Because of their simplicity, I prefer them over the classic 12-unit columns. The Bootstrap 4 auto-layout columns also work responsively. For example:įor a different column width on a larger tier, use the appropriate larger breakpoint to override the smaller breakpoint.įor example, 3 columns wide on sm, and 4 columns wide on md-and-up: For the same column width on all tiers, just set the width for the smallest tier that’s desired. Therefore, col-sm-6 really means 50% width on small-and-up. Or, in reverse… xl > overrides lg > overrides md > overrides sm > overrides (xs) Larger breakpoints, override Smaller breakpoints. Since (xs) is the default breakpoint, the col-12 is implied. Since I didn’t specify a default Column width, the 50% width was only applied on 768px and wider for the sm breakpoint. This is because (xs) is the default or implied breakpoint. On less than 768px, the 2 columns become 100% width and stack vertically: The col-sm-6 means use 6 of 12 columns wide (50%), on a typical small device width (greater than or equal to 768 px): They enable you to control Column behavior at different screen widths.įor example: here are 2 columns, each 50% width: So instead ofīootstrap uses CSS media queries to establish these Responsive Breakpoints. Why did I put (xs) in parenthesis, and not the other breakpoints? Since xs (extra-small) is the defaultīreakpoint, the -xs infix that was used for Bootstrap 3.x is longer used in Bootstrap 4.x.
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